Many machine tool operators will wonder whether the screw on the machine tool can be repaired if it fails? We should know that the screw failure may be secondary or sudden. Only when the cause of the fault is found can we know whether it can be repaired. Next, we will introduce several screw failures and corresponding repair methods.

一、絲杠螺母副及支撐系統(tǒng)間隙的檢測(cè)與修理

1、 Inspection and repair of clearance between lead screw nut pair and support system

當(dāng)數(shù)控機(jī)床出現(xiàn)反向誤差大、定位精度不穩(wěn)定、過象限出現(xiàn)刀痕時(shí)，要檢測(cè)絲杠系統(tǒng)有沒有間隙。檢測(cè)的方法有：用百分表配合鋼球放在絲杠的一端中間孔中，測(cè)量絲杠的軸向竄動(dòng)，另一塊百分表測(cè)量工作臺(tái)移動(dòng)。正反轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)絲杠，觀察兩塊百分表上反映的數(shù)值，根據(jù)數(shù)值不同的變化確認(rèn)故障部位。

When the NC machine tool has large reverse error, unstable positioning accuracy and knife marks across the quadrant, it is necessary to check whether the lead screw system has clearance. The detection methods are as follows: put the dial indicator and steel ball in the middle hole at one end of the lead screw to measure the axial movement of the lead screw, and another dial indicator to measure the movement of the worktable. Turn the lead screw forward and backward, observe the values reflected on the two dial indicators, and confirm the fault position according to the changes of values.

絲杠支撐軸承間隙的檢測(cè)與修理

Inspection and repair of bearing clearance of lead screw support

如測(cè)量絲杠的百分表在絲杠正反向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)指針沒有擺動(dòng)，說明絲杠沒有竄動(dòng)。如百分表指針擺動(dòng)，說明絲杠有竄動(dòng)現(xiàn)象。該百分表較大與較小測(cè)量值之差就是絲杠的軸向竄動(dòng)的距離。這時(shí)，我們就要檢查支撐軸承的背帽是否鎖緊、支撐軸承是否已磨損失效、預(yù)加負(fù)荷軸承墊圈是否合適。如果軸承沒有問題，只要重新配做預(yù)加 負(fù)荷墊圈就可以了。如果軸承損壞，需要把軸承更換掉，重新配做預(yù)加負(fù)荷墊圈，再把背帽背緊。絲杠軸向竄動(dòng)大小主要在于支撐軸承預(yù)加負(fù)荷墊圈的精度。絲杠安裝精度較為理想的狀態(tài)是沒有正反間隙，支撐軸承還要有0.02mm左右的過盈。

If the pointer of the dial indicator for measuring the lead screw does not swing when the lead screw rotates forward and backward, it indicates that the lead screw does not move. If the dial indicator pointer swings, it indicates that the lead screw has movement. The difference between the larger and smaller measured values of the dial indicator is the axial movement distance of the lead screw. At this time, we need to check whether the back cap of the support bearing is locked, whether the support bearing has been worn and failed, and whether the preload bearing washer is appropriate. If there is no problem with the bearing, just refit the preloaded washer. If the bearing is damaged, replace the bearing, refit the preload washer, and then back the back cap tightly. The axial movement of the lead screw mainly depends on the accuracy of the preloaded washer of the support bearing. The ideal installation accuracy of the lead screw is that there is no positive and negative clearance, and the support bearing should have an interference of about 0.02mm.

絲杠雙螺母副產(chǎn)生間隙的檢測(cè)與維修

Inspection and maintenance of clearance caused by double nut pair of lead screw

通過檢測(cè)，如果確認(rèn)故障不是由于絲杠竄動(dòng)引起的。那就要考慮是否是絲杠螺母副之間產(chǎn)生了間隙，這種情況的檢測(cè)方法基本與檢測(cè)絲杠竄動(dòng)相同。用百分表測(cè)量與螺母相連的工作臺(tái)上，正反向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)絲杠，檢測(cè)出絲杠與螺母之間的較大間隙，然后進(jìn)行調(diào)整。

Through inspection, if it is confirmed that the fault is not caused by the movement of the lead screw. It is necessary to consider whether there is a gap between the lead screw and nut pair. The detection method in this case is basically the same as that for detecting the movement of the lead screw. Use a dial indicator to measure the working table connected with the nut, turn the lead screw forward and backward, detect the large gap between the lead screw and the nut, and then adjust it.

絲桿故障了能不能維修？

Can the screw rod be repaired if it fails?

二、軸承、絲杠螺母副潤滑不良

2、 Poor lubrication of bearing, lead screw and nut pair

機(jī)床在工作中如產(chǎn)生噪音和振動(dòng)，在檢測(cè)機(jī)械傳動(dòng)部分沒有問題后，要考慮到潤滑不良的問題，很多機(jī)床經(jīng)過多年的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，絲杠螺母自動(dòng)潤滑系統(tǒng)往往堵塞， 不能自動(dòng)潤滑?？梢栽谳S承、螺母中加入耐高溫、耐高速的潤滑脂就可以解決問題。潤滑脂能保證軸承、螺母正常運(yùn)行數(shù)年之久。

If the machine tool generates noise and vibration during operation, after detecting that there is no problem in the mechanical transmission part, we should first consider the problem of poor lubrication. After many years of operation, the automatic lubrication system of lead screw and nut is often blocked and cannot be lubricated automatically. The problem can be solved by adding high temperature and high speed resistant grease to bearings and nuts. The grease can ensure the normal operation of bearings and nuts for several years.

三、伺服電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)問題

3、 Servo motor drive problem

有的機(jī)床在運(yùn)動(dòng)中產(chǎn)生振動(dòng)和爬行，往往檢測(cè)機(jī)械部分均無問題，不管怎樣調(diào)整都不能解決掉振動(dòng)和爬行。經(jīng)仔細(xì)檢查，發(fā)現(xiàn)伺服電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)增益參數(shù)不適合實(shí)際運(yùn)行狀況。調(diào)整增益參數(shù)后，就可解決掉振動(dòng)和爬行問題。

Some machine tools produce vibration and creep in motion, and there is often no problem in detecting the mechanical part. No matter how to adjust, the vibration and creep can not be solved. After careful inspection, it is found that the servo motor drive gain parameters are not suitable for the actual operation. After adjusting the gain parameters, the vibration and crawling problems can be solved.

絲桿要根據(jù)具體的損傷狀況，來判斷能否維修。

The screw rod shall be repaired according to the specific damage condition.

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